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In total, 621 patients participated in this study. Seventy-eight subjects who had a history of CVD, and 10 subjects who did not provide a blood sample were excluded from the study. The response rate for this study was 55.6%. Also we compared the predictability of these risk scores for carotid plaque, CCA-IMT and ABI in Korean type 2 diabetic patients.īetween October 2008 and June 2009, out of 1,275 registered type 2 diabetes patients in the public health center of Seo-gu, Gwangju and Gokseng-gun, Jeollanamdo, Korea, 709 subjects with type 2 diabetes chose to participate in this study. Therefore we investigated the association between these risk scores (FRS, UKPDS, and SCORE) and surrogate measures of CVD, such as carotid plaque, CCA-IMT, and ABI. The UKPDS includes the duration of diabetes and glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c) level as variables, thus allowing it address the risk of CVD specifically in diabetes patients.Įven though these risk scores were developed and used for controlling CVD risk factors, we do not know which risk score would better predict future CVD events in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. 15) In 2001, the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine was published based on data from 5,102 newly diagnosed type 2 patients who were followed-up for an average of 10.4 years.
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12- 14) To correct this overestimation, the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) project was initiated to develop an appropriate risk estimation method for the general European population. 11) On the other hand, some European studies have reported that the FRS overestimates CVD risk in the general European population. Because very few diabetes patients were included in this previous study, some uncertainty remains according the accuracy of the FRS to predict CVD risk in diabetes patients.
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The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was developed to predict the incident risk of CVD according to age, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, smoking, and hypertension. 10) estimated the risk of CVD using data from the Framingham heart study. 7, 8) The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is an easy method for measuring peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and is commonly used to screen peripheral vascular disease in patients with diabetes. 4- 6) Carotid plaque has different pathogenic characteristics compared to IMT however, both IMT and carotid plaque share a common association with atherosclerosis and ischemic heart. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) is known to be correlated with coronary artery disease, stroke, and several other risk factors. Several surrogate measures for CVD that can estimate subclinical atherosclerosis have been developed. 2, 3) Therefore, to control CVD risk factors and lower the disease burden of diabetes, a method devised to estimate the risk of CVD in diabetes patients is highly necessary. 1) The risk of coronary artery disease is six times higher in type 2 diabetes patients than in the general population. In the 20th century, cardiovascular disease (CVD) became the main cause of mortality and morbidity in Western populations, and the global prevalence of diabetes was estimated at 171 million in 2000.